Lending to Clients It Already KnowsNarrow moat

Morgan Stanley (MS) — moat facet

Morgan Stanley lends to wealthy clients against portfolios it already holds, which keeps its credit losses small.

The deposits are put to work lending to the same wealthy clients. Wealth Management bank loans were $146 billion at the end of 2022, $147 billion in 2023, $160 billion in 2024 and $181 billion in 202512, and margin and other lending a further $31 billion3. Loans in the segment reached $195.7 billion in June 20264.

Wealth Management bank loans ($bn)1462022147202316020241812025Morgan Stanley Forms 10-K FY2023 and FY2025
Up about a quarter in three years.

These are loans against securities and mortgages to people whose assets the firm already sees. The collateral sits in the firm's own custody, where the lender can see it every day. The firm's provision for credit losses across all businesses was $349 million in 20255, on firm loans of $289,038 million6.

Lending also deepens the relationship. A client who has borrowed against a portfolio is unlikely to move that portfolio to another firm.

The growth has been steady rather than spectacular: bank loans rose about 24% over three years7. The firm's loan book as a whole reached $315,653 million in June 20268.

Credit costs have been low. The firm's provision for credit losses was $532 million in 2023, $264 million in 2024 and $349 million in 20259, small against firm loans of $289,038 million10. Margin and other lending in Wealth Management was $31 billion at the end of 2025 against $28 billion a year earlier11.

Credit cost is the figure to watch. The firmwide provision was $532 million in 2023 and $349 million in 202512; a provision several times that in a year without a recession would mean the securities-based loans were less safe than their collateral suggests.

Moat trajectory: Widening

WM bank loans $146bn (2022) to $196bn (June 2026).

The number that tests this moat
Reported
Wealth Management loans, latest quarter
$195.7bn (Q2 2026) vs $181bn of bank loans at end-2025

How much of the deposit base is lent back to clients; a stall would mean clients were borrowing elsewhere.

Source: Morgan Stanley Q2 2026 financial supplement ↗
⚠ Threats to the moat
⚠ THREAT 01
Loans Growing Faster Than Deposits
Morgan Stanley's loans grew 17% in 2025 and its deposits 11%, so the gap was filled with dearer money.
References
  1. ReportedWealth Management bank loans were $146 billion at the end of 2022, $147 billion in 2023, $160 billion in 2024 and $181 billion in 2025, and margin and other lending a further $31 billion.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  2. ReportedWealth Management bank loans were $146 billion at the end of 2022, $147 billion in 2023, $160 billion in 2024 and $181 billion in 2025, and margin and other lending a further $31 billion.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2023 - segment results for 2021-2023, Wealth Management metrics for 2021-2023, the block-trading settlements, and 2023 charges. — FY2023 · publ. February 2024 · source ↗
  3. ReportedWealth Management bank loans were $146 billion at the end of 2022, $147 billion in 2023, $160 billion in 2024 and $181 billion in 2025, and margin and other lending a further $31 billion.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  4. ReportedLoans in the segment reached $195.7 billion in June 2026.
    Morgan Stanley second-quarter 2026 financial supplement, Form 8-K exhibit 99.2 - Wealth Management metrics, Investment Management assets under management and flows, regional revenues. — Q2 2026 · publ. 15 July 2026 · source ↗
  5. ReportedThe firm's provision for credit losses across all businesses was $349 million in 2025, on firm loans of $289,038 million.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  6. ReportedThe firm's provision for credit losses across all businesses was $349 million in 2025, on firm loans of $289,038 million.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  7. Moat Explorer calcThe growth has been steady rather than spectacular: bank loans rose about 24% over three years.
    Moat Explorer calculation from Morgan Stanley's reported figures ($ millions unless stated). Wealth Management: asset management revenue share 18,627 / 31,754 = 58.7%; net interest income share 7,911 / 31,754 = 24.9%. Client assets change 2025: 7,381 - 6,194 = 1,187 billion; net new assets 356.3 / 1,187 = 30%, so market and other changes 830.7 billion, about 70%. Fee-based share of advisor-led assets 2,347 / 4,758 = 49.3% (2024); 2,753 / 5,715 = 48.2% (2025); 3,022 / 6,273 = 48.2% (June 2026). Transactional revenue 2,473 / 4,259 - 1 = -42% (2022). Wealth Management pre-tax margins: 2015 3,332 / 15,100 = 22.1%; 2020 4,387 / 19,086 = 23.0%; 2021 6,181 / 24,243 = 25.5%; 2022 6,583 / 24,417 = 27.0%; 2023 6,530 / 26,268 = 24.9%; 2024 7,740 / 28,420 = 27.2%; 2025 9,293 / 31,754 = 29.3%. Wealth Management revenue growth (31,754 / 15,100)^(1/10) - 1 = 7.7% a year. Self-directed assets 1,667 / 1,437 - 1 = 16%; households 8.5 / 8.3 - 1 = 2.4%; daily average revenue trades 1,029 / 837 - 1 = 23% (2025) and 1,278 / 1,029 - 1 = 24% (Q2 2026); 1,278 / 759 = 1.68 since 2023. Wealth Management bank loans 181 / 146 - 1 = 24% (2022-2025). Balance sheet 2025: loans 289,038 / 246,814 - 1 = 17.1%; deposits 415,523 / 376,007 - 1 = 10.5%; borrowings 348,935 / 288,819 - 1 = 20.8%. Firm loans June 2026 315,653 / 289,038 - 1 = 9.2%; 315,653 / 246,814 - 1 = 28% since end-2024. Uninsured deposits 84,201 / 415,523 = 20.3%. Net new assets Q2 2026 excluding IPO-related inflows: just over half of 148.1 billion was IPO-related, so the rest is below 148.1 / 2 = 74.05 billion. Segments: sum of segment net revenues 2025 33,080 + 31,754 + 6,525 = 71,359, less firm net revenues 70,645 = 714 of eliminations; eliminations as reported each year 2015 213, 2016 290, 2017 290, 2018 463, 2019 467, 2020 539, 2021 541, 2022 517, 2023 555, 2024 600, 2025 714. Wealth and Investment Management share of segment revenue: 2015 (15,100 + 2,315) / 35,368 = 49.2%; 2023 (26,268 + 5,370) / 54,698 = 57.8%; 2025 (31,754 + 6,525) / 71,359 = 53.6%. Institutional Securities share of segment revenue 2025 33,080 / 71,359 = 46.4%. Share of firm pre-tax income 2025: Institutional Securities 11,237 / 21,954 = 51.2%; Wealth Management 9,293 / 21,954 = 42.3%; Investment Management 1,478 / 21,954 = 6.7%. Share of segment pre-tax income: 2021 Institutional Securities 11,814 / (11,814 + 6,181 + 1,678) = 11,814 / 19,673 = 60.1%; 2023 4,476 / 11,848 = 37.8%, Wealth and Investment Management 6,530 + 842 = 7,372 = 62.2%; 2025 Institutional Securities 11,237 / 22,008 = 51.1%, Wealth and Investment Management 10,771 / 22,008 = 48.9%; 2015 Wealth and Investment Management (3,332 + 492) / 8,495 = 45.0%. Q2 2026 Institutional Securities 4,262 / 7,348 = 58.0%; revenue 11,040 / 7,643 - 1 = 44%. Institutional Securities pre-tax margins: 2015 4,671 / 17,953 = 26.0%; 2021 11,814 / 29,833 = 39.6%; 2022 6,715 / 24,393 = 27.5%; 2023 4,476 / 23,060 = 19.4%; 2024 8,749 / 28,080 = 31.2%; 2025 11,237 / 33,080 = 34.0%; growth (33,080 / 17,953)^(1/10) - 1 = 6.3% a year. Equity 15,631 / 9,986 - 1 = 57% (2023-2025); 15,631 / 12,230 - 1 = 27.8% (2025); 15,631 / 70,645 = 22.1% of firm; 15,631 / 33,080 = 47.3% of segment. Fixed income 8,716 / 8,418 - 1 = 3.5%; 8,716 / 33,080 = 26.3% of segment. Equity underwriting 851 / 4,437 - 1 = -81% (2022). Investment Management margins: 2021 1,678 / 6,220 = 27.0%; 2023 842 / 5,370 = 15.7%; 2025 1,478 / 6,525 = 22.7%; fees 6,068 / 5,231 - 1 = 16% (2023-2025); Parametric 524 / 336 - 1 = 56%. Regions: Asia 9,420 / 6,434 - 1 = 46%; Asia 9,420 / 70,645 = 13.3% (2025); 6,434 / 54,143 = 11.9% (2023); Americas 52,897 / 70,645 = 74.9% (2025); Q2 2026 Americas 15,046 / 21,348 = 70.5%, Asia 3,930 / 21,348 = 18.4%. Capital and valuation: CET1 excess 14.8% - 11.8% = 3.0 points (June 2026). Goodwill and intangibles 16,726 + 6,010 = 22,736. Acquisitions 11.9 + 8.7 = 20.6 billion. Compensation 29,216 / 48,342 = 60.4% of non-interest expenses; 29,216 / 26,178 - 1 = 11.6%. Dividends per share 3.85 / 0.55 = 7.0 times. Payout 2025 (6,147 + 4,585) / 16,249 = 66%. Buyback price 197.64 / 85.35 = 2.3 times. Total assets 1,675,057 / 1,215,071 - 1 = 37.9% (end-2024 to June 2026); common equity 106,579 / 94,761 - 1 = 12.5%. MUFG stake 380,010,887 shares x $196.31 = about $74.6 billion. Trailing twelve months to June 2026: net revenues 70,645 - 34,531 + 41,928 = 78,042; net income 16,861 - 7,854 + 11,148 = 20,155; diluted EPS 10.21 - 4.73 + 6.90 = 12.38. P/E = market value / net income: 2023 153.05 / 9.087 = 16.8; 2024 202.54 / 13.390 = 15.1; 2025 282.15 / 16.861 = 16.7; September 2026 308.32 / 20.155 = 15.3; price to sales 308.32 / 78.042 = 3.95. Revenue growth (70,645 / 35,155)^(1/10) - 1 = 7.2% a year. Wealth Management 2025: revenue 31,754 / 28,420 - 1 = 11.7%, pre-tax income 9,293 / 7,740 - 1 = 20.1%; bank loans 181 / 160 - 1 = 13.1%, deposits 408 / 370 - 1 = 10.3%; stock plan unvested 658 / 534 - 1 = 23% (six months). Investment banking 7,619 / 10,272 - 1 = -26% (2025 vs 2021). Tangible book value per share 50.00 / 44.57 - 1 = 12.2%. Non-compensation expenses 19,126 / 17,723 - 1 = 7.9%; net revenues 70,645 / 61,761 - 1 = 14.4%. Revenue per employee 70,645 / 83,000 = about 0.85 million. Vanguard, BlackRock and State Street 6.9% + 5.7% + 7.2% = 19.8% of the stock. Diluted EPS growth (10.21 / 2.90)^(1/10) - 1 = 13.4% a year. Q2 2026 Institutional Securities share of segment revenue 11,040 / (11,040 + 8,856 + 1,646) = 11,040 / 21,542 = 51.2%. First half 2026: Institutional Securities pre-tax income 8,423 / 5,392 - 1 = 56%, share of firm pre-tax income 8,423 / 14,359 = 58.7% (H1 2025 5,392 / 10,166 = 53.0%); Wealth Management pre-tax income 5,288 / 4,151 - 1 = 27%. Q2 2026 Wealth Management revenue 8,856 / 7,764 - 1 = 14%; asset management revenue 5,261 / 4,411 - 1 = 19%; firm revenue 21,348 / 16,792 - 1 = 27%; headcount 82,944 / 80,393 - 1 = 3.2%. Investment Management pre-tax income (1,478 - 870) / 8,700 = 7.0% of the Eaton Vance price. Net income 16,861 / 6,127 - 1 = 175%; shareholders equity 111,632 / 75,182 - 1 = 48%. Self-directed plus stock plan unvested assets June 2026 1,811 + 658 = 2,469 billion. Average diluted shares 1,592 / 1,646 - 1 = -3.3%. Total client assets 9,276 / 7,860 - 1 = 18%. Market value 308.32 / 153.05 = 2.0 times (end-2023 to September 2026). 2023 charges 249 + 353 + 293 = 895. Net income 9,087 / 15,034 - 1 = -40% (2021-2023). Borrowings 348,935 / 288,819 - 1 = 21%. Loans to deposits 289,038 / 415,523 = 70%. Compensation 29,216 / 70,645 = 41% of net revenues (2025). Net new assets 2025 quarterly average 356.3 / 4 = 89.1 billion. Forecast extrapolation: 2026 revenue 41,928 x 2 = 83,856; 2026 EPS 196.31 / 15.14 = 12.97; 2027 83.9 x 1.072 = 89.9 and 12.97 x 1.072 = 13.90; 2028 96.4 and 14.90 - Wealth Management shares, margins, flows and the balance sheet. — 2015-2026 · publ. September 2026 · source ↗
    Method: Arithmetic on figures reported in Morgan Stanley's Forms 10-K and 10-Q, earnings releases and financial supplements, the 2026 proxy statement and market data; operands shown in the source line.
  8. ReportedThe firm's loan book as a whole reached $315,653 million in June 2026.
    Morgan Stanley second-quarter 2026 financial supplement, Form 8-K exhibit 99.2 - Wealth Management metrics, Investment Management assets under management and flows, regional revenues. — Q2 2026 · publ. 15 July 2026 · source ↗
  9. ReportedThe firm's provision for credit losses was $532 million in 2023, $264 million in 2024 and $349 million in 2025, small against firm loans of $289,038 million.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  10. ReportedThe firm's provision for credit losses was $532 million in 2023, $264 million in 2024 and $349 million in 2025, small against firm loans of $289,038 million.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  11. ReportedMargin and other lending in Wealth Management was $31 billion at the end of 2025 against $28 billion a year earlier.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - segment results, revenue lines and regional net revenues. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
  12. ReportedThe firmwide provision was $532 million in 2023 and $349 million in 2025; a provision several times that in a year without a recession would mean the securities-based loans were less safe than their collateral suggests.
    Morgan Stanley Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - balance sheet, deposits, loans, goodwill and credit provisions. — FY2025 · publ. 19 February 2026 · source ↗
Sources
Generated September 26, 2026