The Talent PipelineNarrow moat

Goldman Sachs (GS) — moat facet

Goldman picks fewer than one in a hundred of the people who want to work there, and its alumni run the companies that hire it.

An investment bank's product is its people, and Goldman's own recruiting figures show how many want to join. The firm received about 365 thousand applications for its 2025 summer internship programme and selected fewer than 1%1. About 45% of its partners were campus hires, and it counts more than 650 alumni in C-suite roles2.

The Goldman talent pipeline2025 internship applicantsabout 365,000Selection rateunder 1%Partners who were campus hiresabout 45%Alumni in C-suite roles650+Goldman Sachs Q4 2025 earnings presentation
Selective at the door.

The alumni figure is a distribution channel as well as a boast. Former Goldman bankers who run companies and funds know how the firm works and often call it first. That is part of why the advisory lead has lasted.

The talent is expensive. Compensation and benefits were $15,499 million in 2023, $16,706 million in 2024 and $18,906 million in 20253, up about 13% in the last year against net revenue growth of about 9%4. Headcount was 47,400 at the end of 2025 and 46,200 in June 202656, half in the Americas, a fifth in Europe and three-tenths in Asia7.

Selectivity matters because it compounds. A firm that hires the best graduates trains them in its own methods and promotes the best of them, so the culture reproduces itself. The partnership, even after the 1999 listing, keeps a small group at the top with a large stake in the firm's reputation.

Pay at the top is tied to the firm's results. The chief executive's 2025 award was a $2.0 million salary, $31.5 million of performance share units, $3.4 million of carried interest and $10.1 million of cash8. The committee cited a 57% total shareholder return in 2025 among its reasons9.

Headcount was 45,900 in June 2025 and 46,200 a year later, up 1%, while net revenues for the quarter rose 39%10. The firm earned far more per head without hiring to do it.

The applicant count comes with each strategy presentation. A fall well below 300 thousand would say the name had lost some of its pull on the people it depends on.

Moat trajectory: Holding steady

About 365,000 internship applicants for 2025, under 1% selected.

The number that tests this moat
Reported
Headcount, latest quarter
46,200 (Q2 2026) vs 47,000 in March 2026 and 45,900 a year earlier

The people cost base; a rise faster than revenue would mean the AI efficiency plan was not biting.

Source: Goldman Sachs Q2 2026 earnings results ↗
⚠ Threats to the moat
⚠ THREAT 01
The Payroll Takes Its Share First
Goldman's pay bill grew faster than its revenue in its best year for a while.
References
  1. ReportedThe firm received about 365 thousand applications for its 2025 summer internship programme and selected fewer than 1%.
    Goldman Sachs fourth-quarter 2025 earnings presentation and strategy update, Form 8-K exhibit 99.2 - strategy and firmwide targets, talent, capital management, funding and credit. — FY2025 · publ. 15 January 2026 · source ↗
  2. ReportedAbout 45% of its partners were campus hires, and it counts more than 650 alumni in C-suite roles.
    Goldman Sachs fourth-quarter 2025 earnings presentation and strategy update, Form 8-K exhibit 99.2 - strategy and firmwide targets, talent, capital management, funding and credit. — FY2025 · publ. 15 January 2026 · source ↗
  3. ReportedCompensation and benefits were $15,499 million in 2023, $16,706 million in 2024 and $18,906 million in 2025, up about 13% in the last year against net revenue growth of about 9%.
    Goldman Sachs Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - consolidated results of operations and financial statements. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  4. Moat Explorer calcCompensation and benefits were $15,499 million in 2023, $16,706 million in 2024 and $18,906 million in 2025, up about 13% in the last year against net revenue growth of about 9%.
    Moat Explorer calculation from Goldman Sachs' reported figures ($ millions unless stated; calendar years). Growth: net revenues 2025 58,283 / 53,512 - 1 = 8.9%, about 9%; 2022 47,365 / 59,339 - 1 = -20.2%; net earnings 2022 11,261 / 21,635 - 1 = -47.9%, nearly half; pre-tax earnings 21,852 / 10,739 = 2.03 times, about double; compensation 18,906 / 16,706 - 1 = 13.2%; total operating expenses 37,544 / 33,767 - 1 = 11.2%; preferred dividends 876 / 751 - 1 = 16.6%; CEO pay 47 / 39 - 1 = 20.5%; equities 16,535 / 11,549 - 1 = 43.2%; FICC 14,522 / 12,150 - 1 = 19.5%; FICC intermediation 10,271 / 9,318 - 1 = 10.2%; FICC financing 4,251 / 2,832 - 1 = 50.1%; Global Banking & Markets 41,453 / 29,994 - 1 = 38.2%; GBM pre-tax 17,574 / 11,000 - 1 = 59.8%; advisory 4,726 / 3,299 - 1 = 43.3%; underwriting (1,784 + 2,829) / (1,153 + 1,763) = 4,613 / 2,916 - 1 = 58.2%; investment banking fees 9,339 / 6,215 - 1 = 50.3%; 9,339 - 6,215 = 3,124, about $3.1 billion; Q2 2026 pace 3,395 x 4 = 13,580, 13,580 / 9,339 = 1.45; financing 11.45 / 6.03 = 1.90, close to double; intermediation best/worst 19.6 / 15.8 = 1.24; equity underwriting Q2 985 / 428 - 1 = 130%; H1 2026 equities 12,742 / 8,493 - 1 = 50%. Assets under supervision: 4,041 / 3,606 - 1 = 12.1% (six months); 3,606 / 3,137 - 1 = 15.0%; Q2 2026 rise 4,041 - 3,650 = 391 = inflows 230 + appreciation 161; management and other fees 11,538 / 10,415 - 1 = 10.8%; historical principal investments 9.4 - 6.0 = 3.4 billion; alternatives target 750 - 459 = 291 billion, 291 / 4.5 = 64.7, about 65 a year; 291 x 0.58% = 1.69 billion, about 1.7 billion; Shell mandate 40 / 4,041 = 1.0%; AWM ROE 12.5 + 2.3 = 14.8, near 15%. Shares of revenue: GBM 15,520 / 20,338 = 76.3% (Q2 2026), 41,453 / 58,283 = 71.1% (2025), 29,994 / 46,254 = 64.8% (2023); AWM 16,679 / 58,283 = 28.6% (2025), 16,316 / 53,512 = 30.5% (2024), 14,202 / 46,254 = 30.7% (2023), 4,597 / 20,338 = 22.6% (Q2 2026); equities 7,416 / 15,520 = 47.8% of the segment in Q2 2026; advisory 4,726 / 58,283 = 8.1%; GBM pre-tax 17,574 / 21,852 = 80.4%; FICC plus equities 14,522 + 16,535 = 31,057; Q2 2026 financing 1,216 + 3,259 = 4,475; durable revenues 26.3 / 58.283 = 45.1% (2025), 12.2 / 36.546 = 33.4% (2019); GBM assets 1,582,670 / 1,809,320 = 87.5%; brokered and sweep deposits (47 + 34) / 501 = 16.2%; compensation 18,906 / 37,544 = 50.4% of operating expenses; preferred dividends 876 / 17,176 = 5.1% of net earnings; financing against alternatives fees 11.45 / 2.37 = 4.8, about five times. Margins: GBM pre-tax margin 17,574 / 41,453 = 42.4% (2025), 11,000 / 29,994 = 36.7% (2023); AWM 4,127 / 16,679 = 24.7% (2025), 4,865 / 16,316 = 29.8% (2024), 1,763 / 14,202 = 12.4% (2023). Balance sheet and capital: total assets 2,128 / 1,675.972 - 1 = 27.0% (end-2024 to June 2026); equity 121,996 to about 123,000, almost unchanged; deposits 558 / 433 - 1 = 28.9%, about 29%; loans to deposits 261 / 558 = 46.8%, about 47%; JPMorgan deposits 2,559,320 / 501,000 = 5.1 times; CET1 headroom 12.9 - 11.4 = 1.5 points, about 150 basis points; a repeat of the first-half fall 12.9 - (14.3 - 12.9) = 11.5%; basic shares 298.4 / 322.9 - 1 = -7.6%, about 8% fewer; TBVPS 335.49 / 316.02 - 1 = 6.2%; buyback price 935.45 / 984.57 - 1 = -5.0%; first-half ROE 21.7 - 1.7 = 20.0%; Platform Solutions pre-tax losses 783 + 1,047 + 1,989 + 2,175 + 1,075 = 7,069, about $7.1 billion. Valuation: trailing twelve months to June 2026 net revenues 58,283 - 29,645 + 37,565 = 66,203; net earnings 17,176 - 8,461 + 12,258 = 20,973; diluted EPS 51.32 - 25.07 + 38.51 = 64.76; P/E 283,220 / 20,973 = 13.5; P/S 283,220 / 66,203 = 4.28; year-end P/E 263.64 / 17.176 = 15.35 (2025), 179.75 / 14.276 = 12.59 (2024), 125.80 / 8.516 = 14.77 (2023), 128.08 / 21.635 = 5.92 (2021); 52-week high 935.45 / 1,153.99 - 1 = -18.9%, about 19% below; Morgan Stanley gap 308.32 - 283.22 = 25.1 billion; market value on basic shares 298.4 x 935.45 = 279.1 billion. Further: Platform Solutions provisions against revenue (old basis) 1,728 / 1,502 = 115% (2022), 1,135 / 2,378 = 47.7%, about 48% (2023), 1,540 / 2,427 = 63.5%, about 63% (2024); 2021 to 2022 revenue fall 59,339 - 47,365 = 11,974, about $12 billion; Q2 2026 equities less Q1 7,416 - 5,326 = 2,090; AWM revenue 2025 16,679 / 16,316 - 1 = 2.2%; liquidity products 1,065 / 4,041 = 26.4%, about a quarter; AUS year on year 4,041 / 3,293 - 1 = 22.7%, about 23%; alternatives 459 / 2,976 = 15.4% of long-term AUS; private banking and lending H1 2026 638 + 689 = 1,327, x 2 = 2,654, near $2.7 billion; VaR factors before diversification 82 + 65 + 19 + 30 = 196; GBM Q1 2026 12,738 / 17,227 = 73.9%, about 74%; transaction banking and private bank deposits (70 + 101) / 501 = 34.1%, about a third; GBM assets share 87.5%, nearly nine-tenths; EMEA 2025 14,155 / 12,250 - 1 = 15.6%, about 16%; unsecured long-term borrowings 285,500 / 242,634 - 1 = 17.7%, about 18%; JPMorgan deposits 2,559,320 / 2,406,032 - 1 = 6.4%; Goldman deposits 501 / 433 - 1 = 15.7%, about 16%; H1 2026 financing 2,278 + 5,867 = 8,145; Q2 2026 compensation 6,104 / 4,685 - 1 = 30.3%; diluted shares 321.4 / 306.5 - 1 = 4.9%, about 5%; advisory 2025 4,726 / 3,534 - 1 = 33.7%, about 34%; underwriting 2025 (1,784 + 2,829) / (1,677 + 2,521) = 4,613 / 4,198 - 1 = 9.9%, about 10%; debt share of underwriting 2,829 / 4,613 = 61.3%, about three-fifths; wealth channel 1,041 / 862 - 1 = 20.8%, about 21%; CET1 ratio 101,657 / 790,640 = 12.86%; 101,657 / 800,640 = 12.70%, so 10 billion of RWAs costs about 16 basis points; GBM pre-tax Q2 2026 7,499 / 4,075 - 1 = 84.0%; market value 2025 263.64 / 179.75 - 1 = 46.7% - valuation, balance sheet, capital and cost arithmetic. — FY2019-Q2 2026 · publ. September 2026 · source ↗
    Method: Arithmetic on figures reported in Goldman Sachs' Forms 10-K and 10-Q, its earnings releases and presentations, JPMorgan's Form 10-K and market data; operands shown in the source line.
  5. ReportedHeadcount was 47,400 at the end of 2025 and 46,200 in June 2026, half in the Americas, a fifth in Europe and three-tenths in Asia.
    Goldman Sachs Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - Item 1 business, human capital and consumer-business disclosures. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  6. ReportedHeadcount was 47,400 at the end of 2025 and 46,200 in June 2026, half in the Americas, a fifth in Europe and three-tenths in Asia.
    Goldman Sachs second-quarter 2026 earnings results, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - segment and line revenues for the quarter and half, earnings, balance sheet, capital, VaR, assets under supervision and the dividend increase - balance sheet, capital, risk, provisions, headcount and capital returned. — Q2 2026 · publ. 14 July 2026 · source ↗
  7. ReportedHeadcount was 47,400 at the end of 2025 and 46,200 in June 2026, half in the Americas, a fifth in Europe and three-tenths in Asia.
    Goldman Sachs Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - Item 1 business, human capital and consumer-business disclosures. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  8. ReportedThe chief executive's 2025 award was a $2.0 million salary, $31.5 million of performance share units, $3.4 million of carried interest and $10.1 million of cash.
    Goldman Sachs Form 8-K - 2025 total annual compensation for David Solomon of $47 million against $39 million for 2024, and the factors the Compensation Committee considered. — January 2026 · publ. 23 January 2026 · source ↗
  9. ReportedThe committee cited a 57% total shareholder return in 2025 among its reasons.
    Goldman Sachs Form 8-K - 2025 total annual compensation for David Solomon of $47 million against $39 million for 2024, and the factors the Compensation Committee considered. — January 2026 · publ. 23 January 2026 · source ↗
  10. ReportedHeadcount was 45,900 in June 2025 and 46,200 a year later, up 1%, while net revenues for the quarter rose 39%.
    Goldman Sachs second-quarter 2026 earnings results, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - segment and line revenues for the quarter and half, earnings, balance sheet, capital, VaR, assets under supervision and the dividend increase - balance sheet, capital, risk, provisions, headcount and capital returned. — Q2 2026 · publ. 14 July 2026 · source ↗
Sources
Generated September 28, 2026